1. How do bacteria divide?
a. Mitosis
*b. Binary Fission
c. Meiosis
d. Microbial Fission

2. How many spores of anthrax need to be inhaled to be fatal?
*a. 8,000 - 50,000
b. 50,000 - 100,000
c. 1,000 - 5,000
d. 150 - 200

3. Which is the most common form of anthrax, and the least dangerous?
a. Pulmonary anthrax
*b. Cutaneous anthrax
c. gastrointestional

3. Which form of bacillus anthracis is the most fatal?
*a. pulmonary anthrax
b. cutaneous anthrax
c. gastrointestional

4.What bacteria is associated with antibiotic-associated colitis that causes major diarrhea is hospitals?
a. Bacillus cereus
b. Bacillus anthracis
c. Clostridium perfringens
*d. Clostridioum difficile

5. What group of people are most affected by Corynebacterium diptheriae?
a. drug users
b. homeless
*c. non-immunized childern
d. Native Americans

6. Pseudomembrane from Corynebacterium diptheriae cause
a. A greenish gray film in the pharynx
b. forms in the airways
c. causes asphyxiation
*d. all of the above

7. What treatments are used for Corynebacterium diptheriae
a. antitoxins derived from horses
b. antitoxins derived from pigs
c. antibiotics
d. a & c

8. Clostridium perfringens causes
a. severe diarrhea
b. food poisoning
c. capillaries to leak
d. gas gangrene
e. a & d
f. b & c
*g. b & d

9. Clostridium perfringens diplays which of the following characterists
a. gram-positive
b. endospore-forming
c. obligately anaerobic rod
d. causes gas gangrene
e. none of the above
*f. all the above

10. If you Gram-stained the bateria that live in the human intestine, you would expect to find mostly.
a. gram-positive cocci.
b. gram-negative rods.
c. gram-positive, endospore-forming rods.
*d. gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing bateria.
e. all of the above

11. Pathogenic bacteria can be
a. motile.
b. rods.
c. cocci.
d. anaerobic.
*e. all of the above.

12. All are characteristics of the genus Bacillus except:
a. They are endospore forming
*b. They are catalase negative
c. They are gram-positive
d. They are rod shaped

13. The species perfringens, difficile, tetani, and botulinum all belong to the genus:
*a. clostridium
b. bacillus
c. propionibacterium
d. listeria

14. All of these are possible methods of Anthrax control except:
a. treatment with penicillin and other antibiotics
b. getting an anthrax vaccine
c. gas-sterilization of imported animal hides
*d. treatment with antitoxin from horses, mechanical respirator, and cardiac support

15. The organization of medically important gram-positive bacilli is based on a traditional classification of:
a. gram stain
b. shape
c. oxygen utilization
*d. all of the above

16. This infection requires dead tissue and exposure to spores and spreads by bacteria releasing exotoxins that kill adjacent tissue.
a. botulinum
b. tetanus
*c. gas gangrene
c. antibiotic-associated colitis

17. A cosmetic use for botulism includes:
a. botox for looks
b.treatment for muscle spasms
c. treatment of migraines
*d. all of the above

18. A large black lesion forms where you had a little cut on your arm. You can assume that:
*a. you have been infected by Bacillus anthracis cutaneously
b. you have been infected by Clostridium difficile and can expect to start having serious diarrhea
c. you have been infected by pulmonary anthrax
d. you have ingested something bad and now have botulinum toxin in your body

19.Formation of pseudomembrane in the back of the throat is caused by an infectio with:
*a. Corynebacterium
b. Listeria
c. Mycobacterium
d. Streptococcus